Chloroalkyl allylaryl ethers and polymers thereof



United States Patent G CIHDROALKYL ALLYLARYL ETHERS AYD POLYMERS THEREQF Gaetano F. DAlelio, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor to Koppers Company, End, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 20, 1954 erial No. 463,597

30 Clm ms. (Cl. 260-47) This invention is concerned with certain new chloroalkyl allylaryl ethers. It is concerned with these substances in a monomeric as well as polymeric form. Furthermore, the invention is concerned with insoluble or cured polymers which can be obtained by treating hydroxyalkyl allylaryl ether polymers to cause crosslinking.

The invention is particularly concerned with chloroalkyl allylaryl ethers of the formula in which Ar is an arylene radical and n is an integer having a value no greater than 8.

In particular the invention is concerned with chloroalkyl allylphenyl ethers. It will be realized that polymers of these monomers contain chloroalkyl groups. These polymers are useful in many polymer applications such as for molding, coatings, laminating and reaction with polyamines and tertiary amines to yield ion-exchange resins.

As used herein the term polymer embraces both homopolymers and copolymers. The term copolymer as used herein embraces polymeric materials derived from the polymerization of two or more monomeric materials. That is, 2, 3, 4, ad infinitum copolymerizable monomeric substances can be copolymerized to produce a copolymer. As used herein the terms parts and percentages indicate parts and percentages by weight unless otherwise specified. The invention is illustrated by, but not restricted to, the following preferred embodiments:

Example I A cold aqueous solution of 4-allyl-phenolate prepared from 24 parts 4-allylphenol and 8.4 parts sodium hydroxide and 100 parts water is added with stirring over approximately one hour to 500 parts of 1,2-dichloroethane maintained at 75 C. and the mixture is stirred for an additional hour at 75 C. The system is then put under vacuum and the remaining 1,2-dichloroethane and water flashed 0E. The residue is cooled and extracted with ether. The ether layer is washed with 300 parts water containing 35 parts sodium hydroxide in four portions to remove unreacted 4-allylphenol. The causticwashed solution is evaporated to yield 2-(4-allylphenoxy)- l-chloroethane. The compound is characterized by analyses for carbon, hydrogen and chlorine and by hydrogen absorption, the results of which are in substantial agreement with the theoretical percentages.

Example II The procedure of Example I is repeated substituting for the 4-allylphenol 25 parts 2-a1lylphenol. There is obtained 2-(2-a1lylphenoxy)-l-chloroethane. The compound is characterized by analyses for carbon, hydrogen and chlorine and by hydrogen absorption, the results of which are in substantial agreement with the theoretical percentages.

Example 111 The procedure of Example I is repeated substituting for the 1,2-dichloroethane there used a similar quantity of 1,2-dichloropropane. There is obtained 2-(4-allylphenoxy)-l-chloropropane. The compound is characterized by analyses for carbon, hydrogen and chlorine and by hydrogen absorption, the results of which are in substantial agreement with the theoretical percentages.

Example IV The procedure of Example I is repeated substituting for the 1,2-dichloroethane there used a similar quantity of 1,3-dichloropropane. There is obtained 3-(4-allylphenoxy)-1-chloropropane. The compound is characterized by analyses for carbon, hydrogen and chlorine and by hydrogen absorption, the results of which are in substantial agreement with the theoretical percentages.

Example V The procedure of Example H is repeated substituting for the 1,2-dichloroethane there used a similar quantity of 1,3-dichloropropane. There is obtained 3-(2-allylphenoxy)-l-chloropropane. The compound is characterized by analyses for carbon, hydrogen and chlorine and by hydrogen absorption, the results of which are in substantial agreement with the theoretical percentages.

It will be realized that in the foregoing examples there can be substituted for the 2-allylphenol and 4-allylphenol therein used similar quantities of allyl compounds illustrated by such compounds as, for example, the allyl-1- and -2-naphthols and the like. Additionally, in place of the particular dihaloalkanes utilized, there can be used other dihaloalkanes such as, for example, the alpha, omega-dihaloalkanes illustrated by such compounds as 1,4-dichlorobutane, 1,5-dichloropentane, 1,6-dichlorohexane, 1,7-dichloroheptane, and 1,8-dichlorooctane. Broadly, the dichloroalkanes containing not more than eight carbon atoms yield desirable results. There are obtained the various chloroalkyl allylaryl ethers of this invention which are characterized by carbon, hydrogen and chlorine analyses and by hydrogen absorption, the results of which are in substantial agreement with the theoretical values.

Example VI One hundred parts of 2-(4-allylphenoxy)-1-chloroethane obtained as in Example I are admixed with threefourths part benzoyl peroxide. The atmosphere is swept out and filled with nitrogen. The compound is then heated to approximately C. under an atmosphere of nitrogen for approximately three days. There is obtained a polymer of 2-.(4-allylphenoxy)-l-chloroethane which is a linear, soluble homopolymer.

There can be substituted for the 2-(4-allylphenoxy)-1- chloroethane here used the various other chloroalkyl allylaryl ethers of this invention such as, for example, the compounds illustrated in Examples II through V inclusive herein and there are obtained linear, soluble homopolymers. Further, for the benzoyl peroxide utilized in this example there can be utilized a variety of peroxy catalysts such as hydrogen, acetyl, acetyl-benzoyl, phthalyl and lauroyl peroxides, tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide, etc., and other percompounds, for example ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, sodium perchlorate and the like.

The foregoing example illustrates the preparation of a polymer of a chloroalkyl allylaryl ether having a plurality of repeating units of the formula V r 3 which Ar is an arylene radical and n is an integer having a value no reater" than 8.

It will be realized that mixtures of two or more of the various chloroalkyl allylaryl ethers of this invention can be polymerized according to the fbregoing'procedure to yield'lirie'afi soluble polymers. A

Example VII.

Ninetyparts styrene and 10 parts 2-(4'-allylphenoxy)--l-.

chloroethane obtained as in Example I are'poly merized according to the procedure set forth in ExampIeVI.

There is obtained a linear, soluble copolymer.

Example VIII .Example VII' is repeated substituting for thstyrene Example VIlj is repeated substituting for the styrene there used a similar quantity of.v methyl methacrylate. There is obtained a linear, soluble copolmyer.

It will be realized that ExamplesVII through XI illustrate a variety of ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be copolymerized with chloroalkyl allylaryl ethers, Thevarious 'chloroalkyl allylaryl ethers of this invention can be utilized in the foregoing procedures for the particular ethers there used. Further, mixtures of one or more. of the ethers of this invention can be copolymerized with various copolymerizable ethylenically. un saturated monomers as illustrated in. the foregoing examples or with mixtures of two ormore of such ethylenically unsaturated monomers to produce polymers. In

particular, the'monorners of Examples I to V can be' copolymerized with such ethylenically unsaturated monomers as styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene, maleic anhydride and methyl methacrylate according to'the procedure of Example VII to produce linear, soluble copolymers contemplated by this invention. 7

Example XII The procedure of Example VI is repeated utilizing in addition to the monomer there used four parts divinylbenzene. There is obtained an infusible, insoluble polymerwhich is'comminuted and admixed with excess triethylainine and heated. at reflux temperature for approxi-' mately8 hours. The mixture is cooled and the resin in the quaternary ammonium chloride form separated by filtration and washed with ether. Withaqueous sodium hydroxide and washed with distilled water, to yield the quaternary ammonium hydroxidev form of the resin which exhibits iomexchange properties when tested as set forth in Example XIII.

amount of the hydrochloric acid solution with a fresh The resin is treated 5,. sample of the resin. The efliciency of the resin is deterinined by calculating the ratio of chloride ions actually removed from the solution to the chloride ionstheo retically removable. An excellent efiiciency is indicated by these calculations.

Example} XIV s The exhausted resinof' Example XIII is regenerated by treatment with about one-third normal sodium hydroxide solution. Afterthe solution is removed by filtration the resinis washed well with distilled water and retested for its anion-adsorption capacity according to the above-mentioned procedure. The efiiciency after re- .generation approximates the original capacity of the resin. A

Example X V One hundred parts of the resin of Example VI is admixed with :5 parts ethylene diamine and the mixture heated to approximately C. There is obtained a thermoset resin'. b

r Example XVI one hundred parts of the resin of Example VII is adm'ixed' with 5 parts ethylene diamine and the mixture heated. toapproximately 100 C. There is obtained a tfier'moset resin. 7

It will be realized that in general diamino compounds function as cross-linking agents for the polymers of this invention by reacting with the chloroalkyl constituents of said polymers to produce thermoset resins. I'llustraftive of alkylene diamines an'd arylene diamines which are useful, are such compounds as propylene diamine',.l 1exyL ene diarnine, phenylene .diamine, the various naphthyle'ne diainines and guanazole. 7

As used herein the term ary embraces a varietyjo'f aromatic nuclei such as phenyl, nap'hthyl, and the lower alk yl and halogen substituted nuclei, that is the aryl nuclei containing one or more methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, chloroor bromo-substituents.

While the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments thereof, it will be understood that in. its broadestasp'ects the invention maybe variously embodied within the scope of the invention as set forth herein and in the appended claims.

Whatis claimedisf I I p l. A chloroalkyl allylaryl ether of the formula in which Ar is an arylene radical and n is an integer having in which Ar is an" arylene radical and n is an integer having a value no greater than 8.

9. A copolymer of a chloroalkyl 'allylaryl ether of claim 1 and at least one copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer. I r

10. A copolymer of 2-(4-allylphenoxy)l'-chl'oroethane and a polymerizable mass comprising at least one copoly merizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer Y ll. A copolymer of claim 9 in whichthe polymeriiable mass comprises styrene. I a s 12. '-A copolymer of claim 9 in which the polymerizable mass comprises butadiene. I

13. A copolymer of claim 9 in which the polymerizable mass comprises acrylonitrile.

14. A copolymer of claim 9 in which the polymerizable mass comprises maleic anhydride.

15. A copolymer of claim 9 in which the polymerizable mass comprises methyl methacrylate.

16. An insoluble polymer of a chloroalkyl allylaryl ether of claim 1, said polymer containing a plurality of cross-linkages derived from said chloroalkyl groups.

17. An insoluble polymer of a polymerizable mass comprising at least one polymerizable ethylenic monomer and 2-(4-allylphenoxy)-1-chloroethane, said polymer containing a plurality of cross-linkages derived from said chloroalkyl groups.

18. An insoluble polymer of claim 16 in which the polymerizable mass comprises styrene.

19. An insoluble polymer of claim 16 in which the polymerizable mass comprises butadiene.

20. An insoluble polymer of claim 16 in which the polymerizable mass comprises acrylonitrile.

21. An insoluble polymer of claim 16 in which the polymerizable mass comprises maleic anhydride.

22. An insoluble polymer of claim 16 in which the polymerizable mass comprises methyl methacrylate.

23. A copolymer of 2-(3-allylphenoxy)-l-chloroethane and a polymerizable mass comprising at least one copoly merizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

24. A copolymer of 2-(4-allylpl1enoxy)-1-chloropro pane and a polymerizable mass comprising at least one copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

25. A copolymer of 3-(4-allylphenoxy)-1-chloropropane and a polymerizable mass comprising at least one copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated ether.

26. A copolymer of 2-(2-allylphenoxy)-l-chloroethane and a polymerizable mass comprising at least one copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

27. An insoluble polymer of a polymerizable mass comprising at least one polymerizable ethylenic monomer and 2-(3-allylphenoxy)-1-chloroethane, said polymer containing a plurality of cross-linkages derived from said chloroalltyl groups.

28. An insoluble polymer of a polymerizable mass comprising at least one polymerizable ethylenic monomer and 2-(4-allylphenoxy)-1-chloropropane, said polymer containing a plurality of cross-linkages derived from said chloroalkyl groups.

29. An insoluble polymer of a polymerizable mass comprising at least one polymerizable ethylenic monomer and 3-(4-allylphenoxy)-l-chloropropane, said polymer containing a plurality of cross-linkages derived from said chloroalkyl groups.

30. An insoluble polymer of a polymerizable mass comprising at least one polymerizable ethylenic monomer and 2-(2-allylphenoxy)-1-chloroethane, said polymer containing a plurality of cross-linkages derived from said chloroalkyl groups.

References Cited in the tile of this patent Butler et al.: Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 73, April 1951, pp. 1512-15-13. (Copy in Scientific Library.) 

8. A POLYMER OF A CHLORALKYL ALLYLARYL ETHER HAVING A PLURALITY OF REPEATING UNITS OF THE FORMULA 